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흥미로운 지하철 건축

 

런던 지하철이 1863년 처음 문을 연 이래, 이제 전 세계의 주요 도시들은 지하철을 운영하고 있다. 이제 도시 속에서 지하철은 없어서는 안될 운송 수단으로 자리잡고 있다. 세계 지하철에서 건축적으로 흥미로운 곳들을 소개하고 있다.

 

subway architecture



london’s underground became the first subway system in the world when it began operation in 1863.
since then, underground subways have been built in almost every major city of the world. from new york
and paris to hong kong and dubai, subways are an essential part of public transportation in cities.
within these systems, architecture plays a big role in defining the environment of the subway. here is
a collection of some of the most architecturally interesting subway stations.






t-centralen station (photo via flickr)

stockholm tunnelbana

the subway system in stockholm, sweden features art installations in almost every station. the city’s 100 stations
feature art by almost 140 artists and it is often called the world’s longest art gallery. the system may focus on
artwork, but it also features a number of stations with unusual architecture. the t-centralen station is one of the
most distinctive designed by per olof ultvedt in 1975. the station features a massive mural painted on the cavern
like ceiling that exposes the rocky core of the city. many of the system’s stations also feature this unique cavern
ceiling that gives them an organic feeling and unique atmosphere.


stockholm tunnelbana station (photo via flickr)


solna centrum station (photo via flickr)





westfriedhof station light installation by ingo mauer (photo via flickr)

munich u-bahn

munich’s u-bahn subway system only began in 1972, but it has quickly grown into a 98 station system spread
across the entire city. because of its young age munich had the advantage of learning from the mistakes of other
systems creating spacious and efficient stations. while the first stations were quite plain, the architecture of its
new stations is often quite daring. some stand out stations include the colourful dulferstrasse station designed
by peter lanz and jurgen rauch and westfriedhof, which features lighting installations by ingo mauer.


candidplatz station (photo via flickr)


georg-brauchle ring station with installation by franz ackermann (photo via flickr)


st. quiren platz station by hermann + ottl (photo via flickr)






bilbao metro station by foster+partners

bilbao metro

the bilbao metro is unusual among subway systems since it was designed and engineered as a whole. the stations
were all designed by foster+partners, who set to use dramatic curved forms to create a signature look for the
city’s transportation infrastructure. inside the stations, the space was kept as open as possible, using the full
height and width of the underground tunnels. above ground, each station features a curved glass entrance that
is reminiscent of a shell and became known as a fosteritos by locals. 

http://www.fosterandpartners.com


bilbao metro station by foster+partners


bilbao metro station by foster+partners






bund sightseeing tunnel (photo via flickr)

shanghai – bund sightseeing tunnel

the bund sightseeing tunnel located in shanghai, china isn’t technically a subway system but rather a short
distance transporter. measuring only 647m long, the train tunnel connects the bund to pudong. along the way
the rider is bombarded with lighting effects, music and special effects that turn the ride into something out of
this world.


trains in the bund sightseeing tunnel (photo via flickr)


bund sightseeing tunnel (photo via flickr)






dubai metro station by aedas (photo via flickr)

dubai – metro station

one of the world’s newest subway systems is the automated rail network in dubai which officially opened in
september of 2009. the red line which includes 10 stations is the first part of the project to be completed and
features the aedas designed metro station. the international firm was selected to design all 47 stations in the
new system along with two rail depots. this particular station features a curved rood design that covers the
station and lets light in through small windows. the iconic building is just the start of a series of stations that
will push the boundaries for subway architecture.


dubai metro station by aedas (photo via flickr)


dubai metro station by aedas (photo via flickr)






iidabashi station by makoto sei watanabe architects (photos via tokyo buildings)

tokyo - iidabashi station

tokyo is well known for being one of the busiest subway systems is the world, but so well known for its subway
architecture. the oedo line in tokyo is the newest in the city’ massive system and features some interesting
designs like iidabashi station designed by makoto sei watanabe architects. the station was built in 2000 and
features a distinctive faced clad with massive curved steel and glass forms. inside the station has numerous
design features including a geometric green light sculpture running the length of the escalator shaft. the station’s
design is also significant since it was create through computer generated forms.


iidabashi station by makoto sei watanabe architects


iidabashi station by makoto sei watanabe architects


iidabashi station by makoto sei watanabe architects (photo via flickr)






line a station (photo via flickr)

prague – line a

prague’s subway system has a diverse array of station designs that span numerous architectural styles. the line a
stations all feature distinctive tile cladding that gives them a futuristic feel. each station along the line has
a different colour of aluminum tile that is repeated in concave or convex patterns. the tiles are installed along
the tracks and curve up the wall and onto the ceiling. this subtle variation from station to station gives riders
a navigation system to guide them on their travels.


line a station (photo via flickr)






komsomolskaya station (photo via flickr)

moscow – komsomolskaya station

moscow’s komsomolskaya station definitely goes down as the most elaborate subway station. the design was
built in the 1930’s and features large chandeliers, vaulted plaster ceilings and arched walkways. the classical
design of the space gives the station a palatial feeling, not something you see in most subways. the station also
boasts hand painted frescoes and detailed plaster moulding on almost every surface.


komsomolskaya station (photo via flickr)






museum station by diamond+schmitt architects

toronto - museum station

while most of the subways stations in toronto are very traditional, one newly remodeled station stands out.
museum station is located right below the city’s royal ontario museum which was recently added to by daniel
libeskind. the new station replaces simple columns with recreations of the museum’s collection including
egyptian sarcophaguses, totem poles and mayan statues. the station also has walls clad with large aluminum
panels that are cut-out with the station name to reveal a hieroglyphics pattern behind. the unique station links
the subway with the museum above.


museum station by diamond+schmitt architects






drassanes station by on-a arquitectura

barcelona – drassanes station

the spanish firm on-a arquitectura recently remodeled the barcelona subway station drassanes. the space’s new
design was based on the concept of using the same materials as the subway cars that drive through the station.
a white concrete covers the walls and slowly blends into the floors which were made vibration proof. the ceiling
was made black to contrast the white and is lined with long angular light fixtures. other corridors in the station
feature a mosaic of oversized tiles in a variety of vivid colours.


drassanes station by on-a arquitectura


drassanes station by on-a arquitectura

 

 

출처 : http://blog.daum.net/cmin21/8883276

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토목 영어

  135°hook 백삼십오도 갈고리 180°hook 반원형갈고리 3-hinged arch 3활절 아치 90°hook 구십도 갈고리 AASHO road test 아쇼 도로시험 AASHTO 아쉬토 AASHTO classification 아쉬토 분류법 abnormal climate 이상기후 abnormal weather 이상기상 abrasion 마모 abrasion loss 마모감량 abrasion of rail 레일마모 abrasion resistance 닳음저항 abrasion resistance steel 내마모강 abrasion test 닳음시험, 마모시험 ABS detergent 에이비에스세제 absolute dry condition of aggregate 골재의 절대건조상태 absolute error 절대오차 absolute maximum bending moment 절대 최대 휨모멘트 absolute maximum shear force 절대 최대 전단력 absolute pressure 절대압력 absolute roughness 절대조도 absolute signal 절대신호기 absolute surface dried specific gravity 골재의 절건비중   of aggregate absolute temperature 절대온도 absolute viscosity 절대점도 absolute volume of aggregate 골재의 절대용적 abson method 앱슨법 absorption 흡수 absorption ratio of aggregate 골재의 흡수율 absorption spectrophotometry 흡광광도법 absortion index 흡수율 abt system 치궤조식철도 abutment 교대 abutment joint surface 맞대기이음면 abutment test wall 반력벽 AC arc welding 교류아크용접 accelerated flow 가속류 accelerated weathering test 촉진내후시험 acce

건설계약용어 (영어)

  1. abeyance [중지,정지] 2. acceleration cost 가속비용 공기 단축등을 이유로 정상공정율보다 빨리 공사를 수행하는 것을 acceleration이라하며 그 비용을 acceleration cost라 한다. 이 비용은 시공자에게 claim권이 있다. 3. accent lighting [지시등, 경고등] 어떤 특수물체나 지역에 주의를 환기시키기 위하여 설치한 조명 4. access - access road 차도로서의 진입로 - access walk 인도로서의 진입로 5. accommodation [숙소] Site Accommodation이라 함은 공사현장내 현장요원의 임시숙소를 말한다. Site Camp라고도 한다. 참고로, Accommodation Unit는 가옥 또는 주택을 뜻하며, Dwelling Unit와 같은 말이다. 이에 대하여 Housing Unit는 세대단위의 독립된 주택을 일컫는다. 6. accrued depreciation [누적감가상각] 일반적인 사용으로 인한 마모 또는 노후에 의한 자산가치의 감소를 뜻한다. (reduction in actual value of property as a result of wear and tear, obsolescence) 7. acquiescence [묵인] : tacit agreement , tacit consent  - (tacit [무언의]) 8. addendum 이에는 두가지의 뜻이 있으며, 복수형은 addenda이다. a. 부록의 뜻 : 기 제작된 시방서를 설명하거나, 정정 또는 추가의 목적으로 입찰서를 제출하기 전에 발급하는 계약서의 보완서류의 성격 b. 추보의 뜻 : 계약체결전 발급되며, 첨삭 또는 정정이나 설명등의 방법으로 입찰서류를 수정하거나 해설하는 문서이며 계약이 체결되고 나면 계약서류의 일부로 남게된다. 9. addition 이에는 기술적인 의미와 계약

EPS 블록의 기본개요

1. 개요 최근 우리나라는 경제 성장에 따른 산업시설의 확충 및 개발 사업에 수반되는 택지 및 산업시설용 부지개발, 기존도로 확장과 신설도로 건설 등의 ‘효율적인 국토 이용 관리계획’이 수립되고 있다. 이에 따라 대부분 연약지층으로 구성되어 있는 서·남해안 지역을 중심으로 개발 사업이 활발히 진행되고 있으며 이 지역의 연약지반을 대상으로 하는 각종 토목공사에서는 토목 구조물의 기능과 안정성을 만족하고 주변지반에 미치는 영향을 고려한 설계, 시공 및 유지관리가 중요한 과제로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 이 같은 필요에 의해 대규모 지반개량과 구조물의 안정성 확보 또는 침하방지를 위한 기초처리 방법이 개발되고 있다. 이러한 기초처리 방법으로 개발된 경량성토공법(Light Fill 또는 Lightweight Fill 공법)인  EPS 공법은 대형 발포폴리스티렌(Expanded Poly - Styrene) 블록 을 도로, 토지 조성 등의 토목공사에 성토재료 및 뒤채움 재료로 사용하는 공법으로 재료의 초경량성, 내압축성 등의 특징을 효과적으로 이용하는 공법이다. EPS   블록 은, 단위중량이 흙의 1/100 정도밖에 되지 않는 초경량성의 재료특성을 가진 토목용 자재이므로 이를 이용하여 성토를 하면 원 지반의 안정성이나 침하대책으로 효과적이다. 또한,  EPS   블록 은 내압축성, 내수성, 자립성, 시공성 등도 우수하며, 흙 무게의 1/100 정도로 가벼우면서도 적당한 강도를 가지고 있을 뿐 아니라 난연성, 내화학성이 뛰어난 제품이다. 2.  EPS  공법의 역사 1972년 노르웨이의 수도 오슬로 부근 Flom교 설치도로 개수공사시 도로침하 대책으로 사용된 것이 최초이다. 노르웨이 국립도로연구소 NRRL(Norwegian Road Research Laboratory)은 이 분야의 연구를 진행하여  EPS  특성을 이용하여 도로포장에 적용하는 공법을 개발하였다. 그 후  EPS  공법기술은 많은 공사 실적을 거두었으며, 스웨덴의 국립토질연구소(SGI